The purpose of testing the impact of closing the transformer into operation before

The purpose of the impact of closing the transformer has two tests:
When opened load transformer, it is possible to produce over-voltage operation. When ungrounded or Petersen coil grounded neutral point in the power system, over-voltage amplitude up to 4 to 4.5 times the phase voltage; directly grounded neutral point, up to 3 times the phase voltage. In order to check the dielectric strength of the transformer can withstand full operating voltage or over-voltage, impact testing to be done.  electric meter  into no-load transformer inrush current is generated, the value of up to 6-8 times the rated current. The inrush current begins to decay rapidly, generally over 0.5 seconds is reduced to 0.25 to 1 to 0.5 times the rated current value, all in a longer decay time, up to large-capacity transformers tens. Due to a large  Voltage stabilizer  generated electric power, in order to assess the mechanical strength of the transformer, while the initial assessment of the inrush current decay protection devices can cause malfunction, need to do the impact test.

Transformer protection misoperation pressure release case studies

Main transformer pressure relief protection, as important non- power transformer protection , depending on the fuel tank body release valve micro switch to achieve. That is when the oil inside the device accidents , oil tank is vaporized , producing large amounts of gas , so that a sharp increase in pressure inside the tank . When the tank pressure  power transformers opening pressure rises to its micro switch quickly closed, while the rapid release valve opens within 2ms, so the tank pressure rapidly decreases, while its micro switch quickly closed, turned tripping circuit , broken open each side of the transformer circuit breaker .  electric transformer  the deformation of the transformer tank , or even burst. However, the actual operation, the transformer pressure relief protection malfunction accidents often occur. Shandong SISHUI ​​power company belongs 110kV substation Kim Chong , occurred because of the pressure relief protection transformer malfunction , each side of the transformer circuit breaker tripped , causing power loss of pressure in the station accident . Kim Chong 110kV substation is an important hub for the western grid substation Surabaya . Powered by 110kV and 110kV lines Jinzhuang song Si line, the bridge connection , a single mother of segmented , double main transformer mutual standby operation.

Transformer differential protection trip inspection process

Transformer differential protection trip, it should be checked and processed as follows: (1) Check the transformer body without exception, porcelain differential within the scope of protection checks whether flashover, damage, if there is a short circuit 2 lead if the transformer differential protection. no significant fault within the device, you should check whether the secondary circuit protection and fault, if there are two DC circuit ground. 3 or more after inspection  electric meter , should be sent immediately after the removal of a load test, and then try to send the trip may not be sending. 4 If the relay or secondary circuit due to failure or  Electric transformer  caused by moving the DC grounding points, differential protection should be out of operation, the transformer power transmission, and then deal with the secondary circuit and DC ground fault.

Transformer backup protection operation causes and treatment

Transformer backup protection reasons are: the high-pressure side of the transformer short circuit. Transformer low-voltage busbar short circuit. Since the failure occurred within the differential protection, differential protection failure. Low line failure,  Voltage stabilizer  tripping, causing a transformer overload tripping. If the over-current protection, found that the voltage drop, shock, arc, sound and so on, to deal with external transformer checks; If timely troubleshooting, you can try to send one, or should be ready to take safety measures to repair; If no problems are found, also may try to send a; transformer differential  air circuit breaker  non-, in addition to external examination, it should also be measured to check the insulation. If the low-pressure outlet failure, line protection tripping, you can manually destroyed fault line switch, power transmission and transformer. If the differential due to a fault occurs within the scope of protection, differential protection failure, the differential protection should be handled.

Troubleshooting substation with transformer

Found the following cases, the emergency disconnect each side of the transformer power supply: Internal strongly inhomogeneous noise and the sound of the spark discharge; conservator or spill-proof tube; casing burst, flashover discharge exaggerating; Oil and gas meter relay do not see the oil level; under normal load conditions, the temperature swells,  electri cenergy meter  the allowable value; If the standby power switch automatically when the power loss in the transformer, check switch is good;  power transformers  the high voltage side of the transformer isolation switch, it is checked if the switch into standby transformer should be good to keep the power supply. If the high voltage transformer fuse breaking work should be put into standby transformer, then opened the work on both sides of the transformer isolation switch, check its associated equipment to determine the cause of the accident.

Short circuit and ground fault display device can be used to detect medium and high voltage power system short-circuit

Short circuit and ground fault display device can be used to detect medium and high voltage electric power system short-circuit or ground fault, the device has the strength of  electric meter  isolation, safety, ease of installation, low energy consumption and low cost. DC contactors developed on the basis of intelligent hybrid DC contactors. The first  mcb circuit breaker  of the contactor power electronic devices to complete the current transfer DC contactors and breaking when closed, to achieve DC contactor no arc operation. No arc making and breaking the DC contactor institutions significantly reduced electrical life and reliability significantly improved, with good prospects.

Traditional contactor product-oriented design methods, using trial and error methods

Traditional contactor product-oriented design methods, using trial and error, long development and production cycles, low efficiency, high cost; and product performance and other aspects of electrical life is often difficult to achieve the desired targets. The merits of the dynamic characteristics affecting the performance of high-power DC contactor and electrical life is good or bad, is an important factor in the mechanical  electric meter . Therefore, the use of virtual prototyping technology to the dynamic characteristics of high-power DC contactor for analysis and optimization has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, a series of high-power dual-winding DC contactor for the study, based on virtual  power transformers  technology combined with the structural characteristics of the type of contactor, analyze its static mechanical properties of the reaction force, the establishment of an equivalent circuit model double  air circuit breaker , the development of direct contacts analysis of dynamic characteristics of virtual prototyping system, and thus on the dynamic characteristics of contacts to optimize the design in order to improve its reliability and electrical life. In this paper, multi-software co-simulation method to establish the dynamic characteristics of high-power DC contactor analysis model.

As a controlled contactor control switch is widely used in electrical power transmission and industrial production

As a controlled contactor control switch is widely used in electrical power transmission and industrial production, which directly affect the performance and reliability of the entire power system performance and reliability. Electromagnetic contactor is closed and the key factors in the process of existence arc wear, especially in applications where high power DC arc of contact damage is more serious, the decision to become high-power DC contactor electrical life of breaking. DC  mcb circuit breaker  using conventional hybrid power electronic and mechanical switches connected in parallel method integrated the advantages of both, to achieve mixing without arcing contacts off, but due to the high power electronic  electri cenergy meter  cost, large size, the drive control circuit is complicated, making the process in high power applications do not have a high market value. In this paper, railway locomotive power DC contactor for the study presents a new high-power DC contactor hybrid design approach to contacts in the open, no arc affect the basic design requirements related to the course of action. The new proposed hybrid power DC contactor is closed by the bounce arc elimination circuit, breaking the circuit and eliminate the contact arcing composition itself.

When existing traditional DC contactors work, pull the breaking process should arcing

Existing traditional DC contactors work, pull the breaking process should produce an arc , and the contactor coil has to rely on the pull to keep energized contactor closed state , there is a coil power consumption, power run when noise, there is a strong arc shortcomings off when the main contact circuit , so not only caused a lot of energy waste , pollution of the surrounding environment, but also greatly reduces the electrical contactor life . This article is based on the original DC contactor on its  power transformers  and no arc transformation , which developed a non- permanent magnet DC arc contactor. It uses NdFeB rare earth permanent magnet  mcb circuit breaker  and high- power electronic devices , such as the combination of acting on the contactor electromagnetic system . The use of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet to pull the state to maintain the coil is energized only when breaking moment , the rest of the time there is no  Circuit breaker  the coil from the fundamental solution to the problem of power consumption . Through the use of special measures to release a good solution to power and voltage protection issues such as permanent magnetic contactor , contactor so it has a strong magnetic pull , permanent magnet to keep saving , noise-free function. Meanwhile , in the original contactor in parallel across a triac , contacts and thyristor action sequence by using a special control unit has the strength of electrical isolation of control .

Electro-pneumatic contacts with compressed air as a power

Due to the high electric and diesel locomotives main circuit voltage, current large, so is used to turn off the main circuit and open contacts must have a larger opening and contacts from the contact pressure to prevent contact temperature is too high , and ensure that there is sufficient contact arcing when disconnected and insulation capability . Electro-pneumatic contacts with compressed air as power, fully meet these requirements , which are widely used in electric and diesel  mcb circuit breaker . But electro-pneumatic contacts have their innate weaknesses : ( 1 ) it is one of the key components to soften or harden rubber cup extremely dramatic changes in temperature and deterioration and cooperation between the cylinders , causing electrical action failure , thus failure ; ( 2 ) it uses  Voltage stabilizer  air as power, complicated duct runs , to a certain extent, affected the reliability of electrical appliances ; ( 3 ) its use of the environment has  air circuit breaker  requirements. It is because of these electro-pneumatic contactors weakness in foreign countries, has been widely used locomotive circuit electromagnetic contactor. With the rapid development of rail transportation technology, machine owners electromagnetic contactor circuit to replace the electrical contacts has become one of the empty trends . Meanwhile the city subway, oil drilling , plating, wind power and other industries also require high power DC electromagnetic contactor. Therefore, the development of new magnetic contactor has become essential.

Due to constantly switch loading and unloading, excitation contactor frequent contacts with electrically controlled pull and release

Problems in the line locomotive traction process, regularly running load and unload meet changing requirements in order to achieve a constant speed running resistance. Due to  mcb circuit breaker  switch loading and unloading, excitation contactor frequent contacts with electrically controlled pull and release, excitation contactor off by the strong current  power transformers  moments often burning the main contacts. At the same time due to electrical control contacts open distance and overtravel can not achieve the same, 6 Taipower can not meet the synchronization control contactor closing and opening, individual electric contacts early release caused by the burning of contacts, it is necessary to take effective measures to prevent it.

Braking resistors are made locomotive excitation regulator control

Wheel on the train through the kinetic energy into electrical energy consumed in the braking resistor, then the form of heat escaping into the atmosphere. In this process, generated by the traction motor shaft counter moment acting on the motorcycle wheel braking force generated on. The braking effect is called resistance braking.  electric transformer  diesel locomotives, most equipped with resistor braking devices. All Dongfeng diesel locomotive braking resistor circuit conditions substantially the same as the braking resistor are made locomotive excitation regulator (or resistor braking control cabinet) control, when the resistor  power transformers , the excitation regulator (or resistance brake control cabinet) according to the engine speed signal and provides the braking current and the magnetizing current  Voltage stabilizer  and actual braking current and excitation current is compared with a reference value by calculation, outputs a signal to control the chopper excitation current excitation system, the braking current and excitation current limit within a predetermined range.

Specifically for switchgear temperature measuring instrument, little, live temperature monitoring, there are two main methods

Specifically for switchgear temperature measuring instrument, little, live temperature monitoring methods are mainly two: First, the measured surface coated with a temperature-dependent color light-emitting materials, by observing the color changes to roughly determine the temperature range, this method is low accuracy, poor reliability, quantitative measurement can not be performed; another method is  electric meter  an infrared  power transformers , infrared temperature measurement accuracy and reliability of the test by atmospheric background, the distance factor, the object emissivity the operating wavelength, regional and instantaneous FOV and other factors, it is very difficult to do accurately measure; and because this  Voltage stabilizer  equipment and there are no obstructions between the measured point can be accurately measured, so that the high pressure switch cabinets and other specific occasions too convenient. Therefore, the author developed a contactless temperature sensor line monitoring system, since the monitoring device at a high potential, surveyors can not close, so the temperature sensor system using front-end power.

For the capacitor voltage transformers for transient response characteristics have not made a clear standard

Characteristics of the capacitor voltage transformer is also an important research topic. Especially when the high voltage line short-circuit occurs, the capacitor voltage transformer circuit generates the transition process on the protection device has great  Voltage stabilizer , and a wide variety of protection devices, but also more complex, in order to ensure a variety of protection in all cases the correct operation is difficult. So far, the capacitor voltage transformers  mcb circuit breaker  characteristics have not made a clear standard, can simply make provision in certain aspects.  Circuit breaker , to ensure the voltage of the white component at 20 ms after the pre-fault voltage amplitude drops below 10%. Even so, the transition process on the impact of protective actions should also be considered, especially for fast action emerged in recent years a new type of protection.

Also increasingly electronic voltage transformer replacement in

In the power system , voltage transformer can play a role in protecting the power grid . With the sensor technology, intelligent technology and grid technology continues to evolve ,  Circuit breaker  advanced voltage transformers , voltage sensors began to digital signals, network transmission , and linear measurement direction of rapid development , in order to ensure the power grid to meet the increasingly developed requirements. In recent years, electronic voltage transformers , the abbreviation is EVT, in the power system has been widely studied , electronic  mcb circuit breaker  used in technology, including computer technology, optical technology and communication technology. In addition, with the continuous development of science and technology level , electronic voltage transformer also increasingly replacement , at present , there is a new type of high-voltage electronic voltage transformer has been around and has been used , this article  air circuit breaker  high-voltage electronic voltage transformer the sensing principle and structure . New high-voltage electronic voltage transformer of this new medium and high voltage electronic voltage transformer is based on the coupling capacitor EVT. Compared with conventional voltage transformer , this transformer has a high safety performance , relatively low cost , insulation performance, error is small , the control room environment is good and relatively simple to operate and so on. New high pressure EVT key structure, including: high-precision micro current transformer , coupling capacitors, and power amplifier .

Using fast saturable reactor type damping allows ferromagnetic resonance damping characteristics and transient response characteristics

In a foreign country more than fifty years of development history, made from 1964 CVT capacitor plant in power since the birth, also accumulated forty years of manufacturing and operational experience, has now matured. Especially in the last decade, CVT in accuracy and increase output capacity and the successful use of fast saturable  air circuit breaker  damping allows ferromagnetic resonance damping characteristics and transient response characteristics significantly improved, etc. has been a breakthrough. CVT has reached or exceeded electromagnetic voltage transformer (VT) of the performance  mcb circuit breaker , but also has a high dielectric strength, will not happen with the system  Voltage stabilizer  resonance, low prices and high voltage coupling capacitor for carrier doubles as a communication (PLC) and so on. Therefore, CVT in China's electric power system has been widely used.

Elimination and suppression of ferromagnetic resonance, has taken various measures

In order to eliminate and suppress the ferromagnetic resonance, to take a variety of measures, the selection of the excitation characteristics of a good TV; openings in TV delta winding open end of the installation of a linear damping resistors or bulbs; open delta windings connected in parallel in TV multifunction computer harmonic  mcb circuit breaker  ; the TV  Circuit breaker  to a neutral point of zero sequence TV; side of the TV once in series between the neutral point and ground resonance eliminator. Operating experience shows, TV wiring measures to curb ferromagnetic  electric transformer  a good effect, so it is widely used in domestic power companies. Together with the 10 kV bus through the TV Burning Accident Zero Sequence analysis of the causes of damage explores the TV and from the TV source parameter design proposed ultra-low frequency oscillation suppression over current solutions.

E-glass fiber and its products have a range of excellent performance because

The transformer is an important power industry for substation equipment, ensure that the transformer operation safety and reliability, not only for the promotion of economic development and social progress of great significance, but also to ensure that people's lives and property also has a very important significance. E-glass fiber and its products because with a series of excellent performance, especially good  power transformers , high heat resistance, has been in power electrical industry has been widely used. In recent years, due to the power transformer and technological progress and product upgrading, glass fiber and its products in the manufacture of dry-type transformers, has become an indispensable important material.  air circuit breaker  of the development since the Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction has been more than a century ago is the earliest of the transformer dry-type transformers. Because of this transformer can not be bigger, high voltage can not do technically was extremely restricted. The emergence of  electric transformer technology development made an indelible achievements. Currently, the transformer industry mainly to produce mainly oil-filled transformers, which accounts for about 60% of total capacity to 70%. In the use of oil-filled transformers have some fatal disadvantages, limiting its wide application.

Substation secondary cable has extremely important problem of electromagnetic compatibility

With increasing voltage levels and secondary equipment more and more decentralized, substation secondary circuit already in a strong electromagnetic environment in recent years has multiple causes substation DC system disruption caused by the secondary  electri cenergy meter  no fault tripping accidents, which caused a serious threat to the grid, affecting the safe and reliable operation of power systems. Therefore, the study of secondary cable substation electromagnetic compatibility  Voltage stabilizer  a very important theoretical significance and practical value. This paper focuses on the finite difference time domain method based on  air circuit breaker  transmission line theory and electromagnetic interference on the secondary substation cable coupling situation.

Buried cables and coaxial with frequency-dependent parameters such as multi-conductor transmission line transient electromagnetic process FDTD calculation method

Get transfer impedance and transfer admittance amplitude-frequency characteristics, and the phase-frequency characteristics can be obtained, and the test system is relatively simple; applies not only to single-core shielded cable can also be used for multi-core shielded cable transfer impedance and transfer admittance measurement . With other methods of  electric meter  results were compared with measurements to verify the correctness of this measurement method. Proposed for research overhead lines, underground cables and coaxial cables with frequency-dependent  air circuit breaker  as multi-conductor transmission line transient electromagnetic process FDTD calculation. The main research results to establish a substation switching transients field time-domain simulation model, based on the spark  Voltage stabilizer , the isolation arc discharge channel switching operation, time-varying resistance and inductance formulas. A typical substation switching transients by fitting the measured field data obtained arc discharge channel switching time-varying resistance range. Based on this model to study the impact of switching transients field intensity and rise time of a variety of parameters for EHV and UHV substation switching transients field study provides a theoretical basis.

Secondary equipment electromagnetic compatibility problems have become increasingly prominent

With the ultra-high voltage grid, intensive direction and microelectronics technology in the wide application of the secondary equipment, substation electromagnetic Voltage stabilizer , secondary equipment, electromagnetic compatibility problems have become increasingly prominent, research substation switching transients and the effect on two times the cable coupling mechanism having a weightTo  mcb circuit breaker  and application value. This paper, based on finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to study the field of substation switching transients time-domain  air circuit breaker , substations and cable trench soil transient electromagnetic field distribution, bounded wave electromagnetic pulse (EMP) simulator transmission line designed for near-field Finite length cable coupling mechanism, as well as the transient electromagnetic field coupling cable numerical methods.

Transfer admittance and unit-length parameters broadband measurement method and short-circuit fault substation

Research substation transient electromagnetic environment electromagnetic coupling problems secondary cable has an extremely important theoretical significance and practical value. In this paper, the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project "EMI coupling mechanism," focuses on the transfer impedance of shielded cable,  mcb circuit breaker  and unit-length parameters broadband measurement methods and substation system short circuit fault, lightning and switching operation on the secondary  Circuit breaker  electromagnetic coupling mechanism, through the measurement results and other literature comparing the calculated results to verify the measurement methods and calculation methods herein correctness. A new measurement shielded cable transfer impedance and transfer admittance easy way.

Multi-rate meter using microcomputer control, you can set up multiple sessions

To rationalize the allocation of electricity, power supply bureau has been implemented on the user's electricity sharing billing system. Electricity users in different periods, the electricity price is also different. The factories and enterprises in order to save energy and  Voltage stabilizer  expenses, but also for departments, workshops and other subordinate departments to implement a time-sharing administration. There are a variety of multi-rate watt-hour meter market sale. Multi-rate  mcb circuit breaker  microcomputer control, you can set up multiple sessions, price, electricity maximum demand can also be set to allow the maximum load, to achieve load control. Existing multi-rate watt-hour meter in common is that each meter at a pre-set period of time to accumulate on the battery and charging.  electric meter  on the meter input and output display device for input and output display settings. Press the button to switch the meter reading personnel electricity or electricity display can also be switched each time readings. The table has a small capacity memory for storing values ​​and the accumulated value of each set of data. This meter is a with data acquisition, data processing and full input and output SCM application system.

Multi-rate meter and time switch constitutes Indexer

Limited period of time each day measuring energy to electrical energy at different rates denominated tables, also known as the timeshare interest rate level meter or meter . Multi-rate watt-hour meter has a number of degrees , respectively, in each of degrees within the prescribed period of time to work out the different measurement periods  Circuit breaker energy tariffs . Using multi-rate watt-hour meter peaks and valleys of electricity can be measured separately , namely billing, is an economical means to regulate the electricity load with effective measures . Multi-rate watt-hour meter energy meter by the agency ,  electric meter  protractor and time switches. The active power integrated over time to measure the AC circuit functional capacity of the meter , also known kWh meter or meter . Power meter is widely used, can be used to measure the energy emitted power plants and a variety of user consumption of electricity , and as  mcb circuit breaker  and collection of electricity basis. Meter is divided into single -phase energy meter and three-phase energy meter , there are some special-purpose power meter, such as multi-rate meter , largest scale , reactive power meter, DC energy meter , standard meter and so on. Induction single-phase energy meter system structure shown in Fig. Voltage element 1 and the current element 2 from the corresponding coil and core components.

Online adaptive protection can automatically identify and diagnose the fault type

Change caused by the regulator tap the TA secondary current mismatch, seriously affecting the accuracy and reliability of the differential protection. Online adaptive protection can automatically identify and diagnose the fault type and automatically  mcb circuit breaker  and characteristics of protective action. As adaptive protection hardware foundation, the rapid development of computer systems makes adaptation more extensive  power transformers  prospect theory. In-depth understanding of transformer differential protection based on an adaptive principle and criteria currently used inrush current is proposed by combining the new voltage switching principle and the second harmonic restraint combination of complex criteria.

Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to build a power transformer internal fault

Power transformer fault location method of providing practical basis. Analysis of power transformer fault detection technology, to further explore the power transformer internal fault detection and effective way. The use of fault tree analysis techniques (FTA) to build a power transformer internal fault classification  air circuit breaker , will be  electric meter  electric power transformer fault localization studies. Study the characteristics of ant colony algorithm, principles, algorithms and  Voltage stabilizer  model. Pheromone ant colony algorithm, the information heuristic function factor, the number of ants, ant colony algorithm expectations inspired performance factors on the impact of simulation studies.

Explosive coal dust and other main method is to detect explosives content

With the social and economic development, people are increasingly concerned about safety issues. Coal mine fire and explosion is an important aspect of safety management. Current efforts to prevent gas and coal dust explosion is the main method of detecting  Voltage stabilizer , but not much consideration to eliminate the explosion. Since the explosion and combustion essentially the same, are redox reactions, chain  Circuit breaker  fire and explosion on the same principle. In this paper, coal and other industries fire and  electri cenergy meter , cold aerosol fire and explosion, and its performance, the role of the theoretical analysis. Agents should have a fire and explosion and fire main properties are different.

Do not use iron tools percussion drums, especially installed over empty bucket of gasoline is more dangerous

Around the barrels of gasoline or diesel, especially for warehouse storage of barrels of oil to be ventilated to ensure timely  mcb circuit breaker of fuel vapor. In the depot or reservoir area over the ban erection wires. Do not use iron tools percussion drums,  Voltage stabilizer  installed over empty bucket of gasoline is more dangerous. Because the barrel of the combustible gas tap out a case of Mars, it will explode and burn rapidly.  power transformers  collision between drums, do not wear shoes with nails to work in the depot in order to avoid touching the iron sparks cause fire. Stained with oil cloth, cotton yarn and gloves and other items, do not pile up in the depot in order to avoid temperature rise caused by spontaneous combustion.

As long as contact with their tiny spark can cause a fire and explosion

Fire and explosion are flammable gasoline and diesel. Especially gasoline, as long as the contact with its tiny spark can cause fire and explosion. Therefore, the majority of  electri cenergy meter  farm machinery service organizations and driving operators to strictly comply with fire safety regulations. In the depot nearby, smoking. All ignition items, such as Voltage stabilizer , matches, detonators, explosives, oxygen bottles, cotton and other items are not allowed into the depot. electric meter  or refueling, use explosion-proof lighting, you can not use an open flame and oil lamps. Around the depot to be labeled "No smoking, no smoking" and other eye-catching slogans.

Low-cost explosion of new materials is undoubtedly a piece of meaningful work

Explosion-proof sheet metal fabrication difficult, requires high precision manufacturing nip machinery and material attached to ensure no oxidation, organizational  electri cenergy meter  uniform heat treatment apparatus and other processing equipment, making the cost of greatly improved, a proof sheet metal processing costs to attributable costs more than 90 bowel. Therefore, seeking reliable, low cost explosion-proof sheet material is  power transformers  a new meaningful work. Voltage stabilizer  artificial graphite is an excellent corrosion resistance, and ease of processing of brittle materials. Used to manufacture explosion-proof film, when it burst, it is possible to achieve similar shear rupture disk bursting form, to get the maximum through the area.

When the material is corrosive or crystallization, may cause corrosion or wear of the valve seat

Pressure vessels and equipment commonly used security device has safety valve, explosion-proof tablets.  electri cenergy meter  proved that the reliability of the safety valve and the nature of the material being processed has a direct relationship between the corrosion resistance when the material or crystallization, may cause corrosion or wear of the valve seat, resulting in seal failure; when the material is  power transformers  the reaction. large amount of gas when the pressure within the vessels or equipment will rise sharply, requires a large passage area, this time, the use of explosion-proof film is more appropriate. Ex-piece safety device of simple  air circuit breaker , reliable work, by capacity, is used widely. At present, the domestic metal rupture disc has more in-depth research, has made great progress.

A sudden increase in pressure automatically when the pressure relief safety devices rupture

Explosion-proof film, also known as proof membrane, blasting plate, since rupture disk. A sudden increase in pressure automatically when the rupture pressure relief safety device. Installed in the presence of flammable gases, vapors or dust and other  mcb circuit breaker  pressure vessel or piping, equipment or pipeline materials when suddenly boost or exceed the design pressure transient response can be  power transformers  blasting pressure relief. Which is characterized by multi-release materials,  Voltage stabilizer , simple structure, the device can withstand rupture test conditions. For high viscosity and corrosive materials equipment systems and easy to crystallize or polymeric materials can clog valves and does not allow any fluid leakage occasions.

Tire Explosion agent is a top-secret American Aerospace 60s Supplies

Tire Explosion agent, recently passed the China National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of rubber tires put an end to slow leak and instantly blocking the drain hole firmly tie performance testing and approval by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision, while achieving the security provided by the Northern Jiaotong University and the proof  mcb circuit breaker  Insurance Co., Ltd. provides quality  air circuit breaker , successfully received the automotive safety products into the Chinese market permits. Tire Explosion agent is a top-secret U.S.  Voltage stabilizer  1960s, the Gulf War into the military, has been converted to civilian use to decrypt, after years of extensive use, it can effectively protect automobile safety, to the maximum extent relieve traffic explosion due to leakage tie tires, caused by the loss and annoyance. Tire Explosion agent injection tires can eliminate slow leak, perforation can prompt asking for blocking prison, especially for automobile tires at high speed due to warming caused by the burst, better preventive effect. Also has a bullet-proof function. In addition, can extend tire life, save fuel.

Thereby reducing the explosive ammonium nitrate fertilizer; adding a small amount of proof agent

Ammonium nitrate crystals after being hit, the friction between the crystals and ammonium nitrate containing tiny bubbles  Circuit breaker produces a hot, fast diffusion and the formation explosion. For these two main reasons, the major modification methods are: by doing fertilizer, ammonium nitrate reduction in the content of  air circuit breaker , thereby reducing the explosive ammonium nitrate fertilizers; adding a small amount of proof agent, inhibiting its explosive, so that both high retention of  power transformers  fertilizer, but also reduce the explosive. The experiment by adding a small amount of thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate explosion and inhibits the generation of hot spots, to ammonium nitrate explosive control. According to several experiments to determine the three-proof formulations were tested for various sensitivities.

Ammonium nitrate was modified so that it has retained the explosive fertilizer and lost

Ammonium nitrate is widely used in agricultural fertilizers, industrial explosives production. Because of ammonium nitrate with rice bran, diesel after simple mixing explosives can be obtained, so criminals often use private agricultural  electri cenergy meter  nitrate explosives made ​​and used for terrorist activities, has attracted the world's attention. However, as an efficient fertilizer ammonium nitrate is still a vast market, so how ammonium nitrate was modified so  mcb circuit breaker  the explosive fertilizer and lost, becoming a national scientists placed in front of the subject. Ammonium nitrate explosive two main reasons: their thermal decomposition in a short time, a sharp release of large amounts of gas and cause an explosion;

Phytic acid is usually in the form of calcium and magnesium salts in plants

Characteristics and uses of phytic acid chemical name is inositol hexaphosphate, also known as phytic  electric transformer  esters. Is light yellow or brown syrupy liquid, soluble in water, 95% ethanol and acetone, insoluble in benzene, ether, hexane and chloroform, the proportion of 1.58. Easy to decompose when heated. Phytic acid is lectri cenergy meter  form of calcium and  power transformers  salts in plants, rice bran, sesame, wheat, soybean, peanut, corn and other grains and oilseeds seed coat, embryo, etc. content of more, usually 0.5% to 6% . Phytic acid has 12 dissociated acidic hydrogen ions and six phosphate groups, it has a unique chemical properties and physiological function.

Brush sparking or electrical contacts can always sparks ignite explosive gases, explosion test

Depots , mines and other places where flammable gases used in motors, electrical motors were tested must pass after a reasonable gap and then into the tank . Use explosion-proof .  Air circuit breaker  of flammable gases , such as fuel gas tank , exhaust pipe guide when inflated to protect the tank on top of a breakthrough kraft paper, etc. near the outside , the use of electrical appliances must also use explosion-proof . Because the motor unit plus Tiegai be ensured by mechanical means . Brush sparking or electrical contacts can always sparks ignite explosive gases, explosion test : as long as the gas concentration reaches a certain value can cause an  air circuit breaker . This problem is inside the motor and tank test spark plug with a high voltage generator connected ( ie, the old machine new machine design and modification can not be ignored . Automotive ignition coil ) , there are two  power transformers  . Explosion-proof electrical design structure, material selection should meet explosion-proof electric motor connected to the subjects within the spark plug power supply, the motor combustible gas blasting machine technical requirements. New trial and for each product line-item fried routine tests are required . At this point the gas tank can not explode. Identification method is to tank Bu side. Breakthrough kraft not explode . If you were blasted , indicating the subjects can not be flameproof motors .

Ex-wave plate for hanging protective properties of the shutter is more mature

Civil air defense projects ventilation equipment types used internally complex, the production process is relatively backward means of detection, product quality can not effectively ensure ventilation. In order to regulate the ventilation ventilation protective equipment performance testing, protective equipment to improve product quality, it is necessary to develop a standard set of test bench. Currently, hanging plate proof protective  power transformers  of wave shutter has been more mature, and the ventilation valve on the hanging board performance study was relatively small. In this paper, the shutter mechanism and close the ventilation air flow  air circuit breaker , hanging plate ventilation valve test bench is designed to provide a theoretical basis. Hanging plate valve closed model mainly by the base plate,  mcb circuit breaker , hinged seat and limit housing component. Close valve when hanging panels, new air vents through the hanging plate inside and out diffusion chamber. If the wind gradually increased from 0 to slow the increases to a certain extent from the rear overhang board is placed phenomenon, this time from the air flow is called swing wind; when ventilation rate continues to increase to a certain extent, then hanging plate closes and the the air flow is called close air volume. Put the wind from the air flow volume and turn off the ventilation valves belong performance.

Explosion wave shutter design and structural strength can withstand high intensity explosive shock wave case

Explosion-proof valve is to protect the front wave trenches engineering personnel protective equipment is one of the important survival. It is installed in the tunnel inlet and exhaust system of the head. Usually the shutter is open, trenches normal ventilation; after suffering a nuclear attack, the quick closing valve prevents the shock waves through the mouth of radioactive dust into the tunnel  electric transformer  inside to  Circuit breaker , equipment safety. Explosion wave shutter design and structural strength can withstand high intensity explosive shock wave case, within the fortifications on the tunnel personnel,  air circuit breaker  has played a crucial role. As foreign nuclear power development of weaponry to the United States, Russia, represented by nuclear states, and its missile hit accuracy are improved quickly. Such as: U.S. Minuteman ICBM Ⅲ roadbed, Russia SS.19 roadbed ICBM CEP reach 200m ~ 300m. It is estimated at 50 tons TNT equivalent touchdown burst conditions, positions at 240m radius from the explosion center, and its resistance at 25MPa, the survival probability of 54% (structure and equipment suffered minor damage, the device does not affect use); pair of precision-guided weapons in terms of a higher hit rate.

Industry Association club and Nanyang Explosion-proof motors Electric Institute jointly

With the deepening of reform and opening up, all walks of life has changed dramatically, with the rapid economic and technological progress and industrial development on the product performance, quality, a new and higher requirements. China Electrical  air circuit breaker  Association,  power transformers  electrical motor branch of Nanyang Institute teamed up with the explosion-proof motor industry and users  mcb circuit breaker  research, on the basis of proof on the motor according to the current standards, as well as a comparison with the motor, integrated in the explosion safety and quality, energy conservation, environmental indicators and other aspects of the production process problems and security risks, as soon as the products included in the proposed national phase-out product catalogs, stop the production and sale of referrals, the motor security flaws, the motor will be replaced motor is based on GB3836-83 "electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres" "General requirements" and part 2 "flameproof electrical equipment" design, manufacture.

Explosion-proof motors are generally used in explosive environments

Explosion-proof motor is mainly used in coal, oil and gas, petrochemical and chemical industries. In addition, textile, metallurgy, city gas, transportation, grain and oil processing, paper making, medicine and other departments have also been widely used. With the development of production, there is a risk of explosion is also increasing, so how to choose a suitable explosion-proof motor it? We introduce the following aspects. Explosion-proof Motor and General Motors difference:  Electric energy meter  motors generally used in explosive situations; explosion-proof electrical junction box sealing better than ordinary motor; explosion-proof motor protection class minimum as I, but also some rather ordinary motor, it  electric meter  containing flammable, explosive, corrosive gases and relatively clean place, and used to drive a variety of machinery and equipment without special requirements, such as machine tools, pumps, fans, compressors,  circuit breakers , etc., and therefore can tell from the appearance. Through the motor can be divided into categories according to their functions and controls the motor drive motor; divided into categories according to AC power and DC motors; motor speed and power from the power relationship between the frequency classification can be divided into synchronous motor and induction motor;

Operator to enter the storage room and the plenum chamber shall not carry matches

If mixed with hydrogen in the air volume to the total volume of 4% to 74.2%, once the event sparks can cause a fire or explosion.  Air circuit breaker  to the hazardous properties of hydrogen, we have in the transport, storage and use of hydrogen process must pay attention to fire and explosion. 2 safety procedures ① operator must undergo a  mcb circuit breaker  and have higher job card issued by the department to mount guard, the operator strictly follow the rules and safety operation points executed. ②  power transformers  the storage room and the plenum chamber shall not carry matches, lighters and other fire, not easy to produce static wear chemical fiber clothing, shoes and shoes with nails to turn off the phone.

Homemade hydrogen station in two ways, one is the use of chemicals hydrogen, the second is the use of water electrolysis hydrogen

Currently the majority of our high-altitude stations compressed hydrogen from the hydrogen production plant, part of the high-altitude station using a homemade hydrogen.  Electric energy meter  station in two ways, one is the use of chemicals hydrogen, the second is the use of water  electric meter  hydrogen production. I got another one hydrogen from water electrolysis hydrogen station, so the hydrogen transport, storage and use of hydrogen process must pay attention to fire and explosion.  Voltage stabilizer  is a flammable and explosive nature of hydrogen gas, hydrogen flame burning in air temperature up to 1500 ℃, the oxygen in the combustion flame temperature up to 2000 ℃ ~ 3000 ℃. Its penetration force, highly penetrating, high temperature, high pressure, it can penetrate very thick plate.

Emissions caused by excess hydrogen combustion and explosion has become a must attach great importance to solve the problems with

Because non-polluting electric cars, energy efficiency advantages to become the 21st century's most promising new type of environmentally friendly cars. Its power source, most lead-acid batteries, hydrogen - nickel batteries, cadmium - nickel batteries and so on. Some data indicate that these batteries in electric vehicles usage accounted for 78% to 95%. Since the widespread use of these batteries, the car is moving and the charging and discharging process, especially overcharge and  air circuit breaker occurs, the emissions caused by excess hydrogen combustion and explosion has become a must attach great importance to and solve the problem. The concentration of hydrogen explosions have certain limits, introduce real-time monitoring system, according to the National Motor Vehicle Safety Standard GB / T1 8384.1-2001 (hereinafter referred to as the standard) in the case of  power transformers  hydrogen concentration at the request of the concentration of hydrogen in real time detection and alarm. System Development  Air circuit breaker  in the charge to the battery, should be measured within the area specified by the manufacturer of the concentration of hydrogen in the exhaust gas; when the vehicle is traveling inside the hydrogen concentration measurement. According to this requirement, the need for real-time monitoring system within a predetermined area (charge) and the vehicle (traveling within) the hydrogen concentration detected.

Electronic energy meter is a kind of works with conventional induction meter completely different new energy measurement instrumentation

Electronic energy meter is a kind of works with conventional induction meter completely different new electrical measuring instruments, with the development of electronic technology, improving the quality of electronic components, a number of domestic and  mcb circuit breaker  of single-phase, three-phase power table has gradually been widely used. Not only gradual change in the use of "electronic energy meter unreliable, unstable," the old ideas, but also shows how electronic energy meter  power transformers  and functionality of many advantages. Now widely used as induction meter by its working principle and manufacturing processes,  air circuit breaker  materials and other constraints, while reducing power consumption meter, improve accuracy and open tables published meter functionality is limited.

Induction meter only in a very narrow frequency near the frequency range and the voltage

Induction meter only in a very narrow frequency near the frequency range and the voltage and current for the fundamental conditions to ensure the best [for performance. In the case of a distortion of the waveform, the harmonic voltage and current  Voltage stabilizer  the turntable through  Circuit breaker  magnetic flux, causing fundamental changes in the magnetic flux distribution, thereby affecting the G-wave generator driving torque; Also, because the braking torque and flux distribution is almost irrelevant,  Electric energy meter  rotational speed changes, power metering errors. The harmonics of the power meter measurement error of j depends on how much content Mu are waves, harmonic current direction and other factors.

Affecting the operation of electric power networks also affect the measurement of electric energy meter

With the development of modern industry, power grid in a substantial increase in nonlinear loads, in many parts of the supply voltage waveform distortion (ie grid harmonic content increased dramatically), which seriously affect the operation of the power grid also affects the measurement of electric energy meter , giving a great deal of economic power transformers . As we all know, the majority of today's electricity meter or metering induction meter, it is driven components including voltage element and a current element, its role is to alternating voltage and current into  Voltage stabilizer  magnetic flux passing through the turntable, with the interaction of the induced current in the turntable, generating a driving torque, the power meter measured wheel rotation.

Capacitor harmonic amplification effect is analyzed theoretically

Harmonics and low power factor compensation capacitors in parallel loop meritorious cause measurement error increases, thereby affecting bus power balance. In this paper, a capacitor harmonic amplification effects of the theoretical analysis, harmonic analysis of the shunt capacitor equivalent circuit analysis of the role of mcb circuit breaker and reactor reactance rate selection, the parallel capacitor circuit capacitors in parallel and series reactor voltage and current theoretical calculations. Shunt capacitor Circuit breaker  amplification system with Voltage stabilizer  and branch equivalent reactance ratio related to the capacitor branch to join the series reactor, it can reduce the number of parallel resonant harmonics, reduce severe enlarged area width.

Harmonic reactive power compensation capacitor bank run adversely impact

With the harmonic load increases, the power system harmonic pollution is getting worse. In the installation of 10kV bus shunt capacitor banks are common reactive compensation. Harmonic reactive power compensation  circuit breakers  bank operation had adversely affected. On the one hand, reactive power compensation capacitors may cause harmonic air circuit breaker , leading to its harmonic overload, shortened life span, or even damaged. Even  power transformers  is that under certain conditions, reactive compensation capacitor bank together with the system parameters will result in resonance, a dangerous over-current or over-voltage, endangering the safe operation of equipment and systems.

In-depth systematic study of harmonics on the power meter and electric energy metering is essential

Meter is a core part of energy metering and basic measuring tools, and its measurement accuracy is directly related to energy metering accuracy. Therefore, in-depth systematic study of  Electric energy meter the power meter and electric energy metering is essential. Based on academic research and engineering applications, research and analysis induction meter structure and working principle is proposed based on an improved air circuit breaker  energy metering errors nonlinear mathematical model; analysis in the study of electronic power table and its time-division multiplier structure and  Voltage stabilizer , based on the multiplier was first established by the simulation model; through computational analysis and simulation analysis, the harmonics induction meter and electronic energy meter accuracy factors and the impact of a more comprehensive, in-depth analysis;

Increasing number of non-linear loads, capacity is also growing

With the power electronics technology in various industrial sectors and electrical equipment on the extensive application of the increasing number of non-linear loads, capacity is also growing, a large number of harmonics injected into the grid, so that the power system voltage and current waveforms serious aberrations.  air circuit breaker Instrument is designed for the frequency sine wave, resulting in incorrect data indicate.  power transformers  is the basis for economic calculation grid, energy measurement accuracy is directly related to the power supply and demand sides of the economic and social benefits. Ensure energy metering accuracy, reliability has very important significance.

Currents vary greatly, a shorter cycle, using the traditional power meter for measuring the load impact

As related to the electricity metering side and the supply side of the interests of the field of an electric power system has been widely concern. At present, the impact load on the power grid is widespread, such as rolling mills thyristor power supply technology used in the rolling mill, single phase welding machines, etc., this load at work, the current has changed dramatically, shorter cycle, using the traditional power meter to shock loads to be measured, often appear larger error,  mcb circuit breaker  side and the user side there is a big discrepancy metering of electricity, and the resulting energy metering chaos, triggering energy metering disputes. Therefore, the analysis of impact load on the electric energy metering, and using digital Voltage stabilizer  energy measurement error resulting quantitative analysis of the production site for the estimation of the actual energy measurement error, improving electronic energy meter design, reducing its  power transformers , has a certain practical significance. Mathematical model of impact load in order to analyze the impact of the load on the electric energy metering, you first need to establish the mathematical model of impact load, in this paper, in order to supply technology using thyristor mill example for analysis.

Multiplier is harmonic backdrop electronic energy meter measurement error resulting main links

Focuses on the electronic energy meter's internal structure and working principle, through the electronic meter error characteristics and frequency characteristics of the theoretical analysis, pointing out that the multiplier is a harmonic backdrop electronic energy meter measurement error resulting main components. Secondly,  electric transformer  wave modulation type time division multiplier (TDM) works to mathematical analysis, the establishment of electronic energy meter measurement error mathematical model. Multisim simulation software to build electronic energy meter  air circuit breaker , and verify that the simulation results of the simulation model was built correctly. Simulation model based on indicators in different circumstances specific harmonic simulation analysis, simulation waveform.

Relation to the grid metering economic accounting, related to power generation and supply, economic interests

Power system harmonic power quality indicator is one of the important parameters, with the vigorous development of power electronics technology and wide application, more and more non-linear loads connected to the grid, the grid harmonic content  Air circuit breaker , resulting in most of the measuring instrument measurement data is not accurate, give energy metering trouble. Relation to the grid metering economic accounting, related to power generation, electricity supply,  power transformers  economic interests. Meter is a core part of energy metering and basic measuring tools, and its measurement accuracy is directly related to energy metering accuracy. Therefore, in-depth systematic study of harmonics on the power meter and power measurement of the impact is significant.

Modern power management policies and systems, is a reference value

Industrial electronic energy meter and energy management in modern applications Jiangmen Power Supply Bureau Tianguang Qing Abstract This paper introduces industrial electronic energy meter types and functions, and gives such power meter features a comprehensive selection considerations; also spoke on the use of automatic meter reading systems and prepayment meter some of the views. This paper presents the view of establishing suitable for China's modern power management policies and systems, is a reference value, and thus the corollary of electronic  air circuit breaker and transformation of the original induction meter corresponding requirements; also available for meter manufacturer reference. Keywords electronic energy meter, feature selection, energy management,  mcb circuit breaker  systems, automatic  Voltage stabilizer , pre-paid an overview of the current, energy production and use table as the largest electrical instruments, has come a long history. Now widespread use of induction meter, manufacturing technology is quite mature, low price, durable, but because by its principles and structure and other factors, to further improve measurement accuracy and extended functionality is limited.

Dedicated power meter IC, the sampling voltage and current signals to be processed and multiplied

Power industry development requires electrical measuring instruments with suitable technical progress, power generation, transmission, distribution and consumption of power is required for accurate measurement. Meter has been one hundred years since the birth of history, the earliest and still widely used induction meter as a traditional power meter, the energy metering work has played a significant role. It has a simple structure, good  Air circuit breaker  and inexpensive features. Full  mcb circuit breaker meter electronic energy meter by the user power supply voltage and current real-time sampling, using a dedicated power meter IC, the sampling voltage and current signals to be processed and converted into electrical energy by  Circuit breaker  a pulse output proportional display . If necessary, it can be based on the provisions of the protocol (communication protocol), the stored data (electricity, etc.) uploaded to the host computer (master), the PC can also be used on the meter, electricity sales management. Because of its induction meter unparalleled advantages, developing very rapidly in recent years. With full electronic energy meter replace induction meter, in developed countries, the average annual rate of more than 20% in the replacement.

Shows the electronic energy meter performance and functionality of the many advantages

Some domestic and foreign production of single-phase, three-phase power meter has gradually been widely used. Not only gradual change in the use of "electronic energy meter unreliable, unstable," the old ideas, but also shows how electronic energy meter performance and  air circuit breaker  of many advantages. Now widely used as induction meter by its working principle and manufacturing processes, manufacturing materials and other constraints, while reducing power consumption meter, improve accuracy and open tables  power transformers  functionality is limited. The electronic energy meter in these areas have a distinct advantage, my unit electronic energy meter has been installed nearly thirty thousand, electronic energy meter advantage in the measurement of management has become increasingly significant.

Electricity production automation, energy metering and intelligent power management has been widely used

Electronic energy meter is also known as static energy meter is a rapid development in recent years, a new type of energy meter, with the economic development needs of the electricity market, as well as development of microelectronics  air circuit breaker , electronic energy meter with its unique features, in the power production automation, energy metering and intelligent power management has been widely used, but increasingly high demand. For the correct measurement of energy and  Electric energy meter , electronic energy meter has played an extremely important role. Electronic energy meter is a kind of works with conventional induction meter completely different new electrical measuring instruments, with the development of electronic technology, improving the quality of electronic components.

Conveying pulse signal will charge information for each household, converted into a pulse information

Electronic Energy Meter meter reading device centralized structure, the pulse energy meter, signal transmission cable, the master device and the communication device composed of four parts. Its basic working process is made by adding a pulse on the energy meter  electri cenergy meter , preferably with full electronic energy meter with pulse output device, do not mechanical installation of electronic energy  circuit breakers sent devices.  power transformers  signal will charge information for each household, converted into a pulse information, and through the respective signal transmission cables converge to the master device, the master device consists of counters, passive CPU, storage, protection battery self-test device component.

High voltage transformer insulating oil sulfur corrosion, oil furfural determination

To ensure the normal operation of the transformer operation, the power transformer fault diagnosis technology research is necessary. This selection of power transformer insulation fault for the study, from the high-voltage transformer insulating oil sulfur corrosion, oil furfural determination, oil dissolved gas  air circuit breaker  network in fault diagnosis analysis and research in three aspects: Foreign involved with most  Electric transformer  sulfur corrosion related accident, detected in oil dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS) this organic matter. Relevant domestic transformer insulating oil sulfur corrosion failures reported less experimentally simulate the presence of dibenzyl disulfide on oil performance.

Properly evaluate the transformer insulation state of life of the transformer track

Transformer fault diagnosis technology is properly assess the state of the transformer insulation premise, while the transformer accurate grasp of the internal thermal state largely determines the load capacity and service life of the transformer, the transformer insulation fault diagnosis technology is an extension and expansion. Only correctly assess insulated transformer, the transformer life tracking to the actual state of the transformer to make the right  mcb circuit breaker . Papers from the power transformer fault diagnosis and internal thermal state prediction starting transformer condition for achieving these two important aspects of maintenance conducted in-depth research, the main research work: For the common method of BP neural network fault diagnosis of  Voltage stabilizer  insulation methods, the paper focusing on its network of selected learning sample creation, input selection, the convergence of the learning process and algorithm  electric meter  on issues such as research, was established based on the amount of items and bring variable learning rate improved BP neural network power transformer fault diagnosis method , analysis and simulation results show that the improved BP neural network can achieve better oil dissolved gas content data to the fault type mappings.

Focus on solving the sector faces some challenges calculation method

Full comprises four main parts. The part of the system in-depth study of the finite element method sensitivity analysis of the basic principles and calculation methods, and focus on the field face some calculation problems. Currently, the optimization mcb circuit breaker  stays in the local  Voltage stabilizer optimization methods or stochastic global optimization method, in the optimization process, or trapped in local extrema can not find the global optimum; or need a lot of  power transformers  fields calculated according to certain rules to adjust the variable to be optimized, so that the objective function randomly gradually approaching optimum. Since a huge amount of calculation, the engineering and technical personnel unacceptable.

Some have important academic significance and practical value of the results

Comprehensive in-depth summary of the relevant literature, based on the power transformer insulation for the structure and design of electromagnetic theory and computational problems, to carry out a lot of research and calculation, made ​​some important academic significance and practical value of the results. With the rapid development of  Air circuit breaker technology and the electromagnetic field numerical analysis method perfected, so that the transformer insulation structure optimization and automatic design of  Electric energy meter  solutions become possible. Based on the finite element method and sensitivity analysis techniques, focusing on the overall structure of power transformer insulation arrangement, electrode shape optimization and design of electromagnetic program automatically issues.

Sine wave in the time domain and frequency domain equivalent circuit method equivalent circuit Combination

It is necessary to use a start of pumping with a large capacity, in the normal operation pumping unit has a small capacity, the capacity can be adjusted for the modulation capacity  air circuit breaker . The study load  Circuit breaker  of the transformer principle is the use of transformer capacity and loss of the relationship between the transformer losses and operating costs of the relationship between, from the "road" point of view, the use of equivalent sine wave in the time domain, etc.  mcb circuit breaker  circuit method and frequency-domain equivalent circuit combination form of time domain - frequency domain method is applied to the transformer characteristics of deduced load transfer capacity of the transformer magnetic circuit model and the model.

Left a large distribution transformer capacity margin

For pumping the load carried by the distribution transformer, the maximum load torque at the start, the maximum output power distribution transformer, the starting period of time, the load torque becomes smaller, the output power distribution  air circuit breaker is greatly reduced. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of pumping starter, left a large  mcb circuit breaker  transformer capacity margin. The transformer load is low rate of long-term working status, resulting in a waste of transformer capacity and active and reactive power losses, reducing the efficiency of the transformer, increasing the network loss. To reduce the power supply to the pumping distribution transformer losses.

Intelligent information processing approach is the key technology research

Power transformer fault diagnosis methods include power transformer condition assessment, fault diagnosis and fault prediction. Data for the power transformer fault diagnosis of small samples, poor information characteristics, study the theory of intelligent information processing techniques mainline power transformer fault diagnosis methods, the main contents are as follows: ⑴ intelligent  mcb circuit breaker processing method of key technologies. In the study analyzed the key technology of intelligent information processing theory, based on the proposed intelligent  Electric energy meter theory to the main line of the power transformer fault diagnosis technology solutions. ⑵ power transformer condition assessment algorithm. Determine the power transformer condition assessment index system based on cloud model study whitening weight function of gray clustering analysis and improved combined weighted gray target theory of power transformer condition assessment model, a priori knowledge and experimental analysis through joint optimization of cloud model parameters, research at normal power transformers for the bull's-eye of the improved data weighted gray target theory algorithms, optimization status classification.

Electrical control to perform the control of the electrical control of the basic principles of the object

"Electrical operation and control" is the secondary vocational schools electrical, mechanical and electrical technology, electrical and mechanical maintenance technicians and other professional a main  power transformers courses. Its mission is to enable students to acquire motor, commonly used in low-voltage electrical appliances and circuit breakers  of basic knowledge, master control object to perform electrical appliances for the basic principles of electrical control, line and  Voltage stabilizer methods; enable students to have the ability to learn by analogy, to improve their practical ability, to learn new electrical control technology to lay a better foundation. Since this course is a very practical course, to get students to learn the course, using the theory and practice of integrated teaching methods more appropriate.

Relay contactor control system is a combination of theory and practice

Relay contactor control system is the electrical and electronic engineering curriculum combines theory and practice in a chapter more closely. By studying the contents of this chapter, students can not only learn a lot of theoretical knowledge, but also  mcb circuit breaker  the practical  Circuit breaker logical thinking ability. This chapter also learning difficulties, they not only want to learn a variety of electrical  Voltage stabilizer , working principle, but also know how to use text symbols and graphic symbols represent them, and based on this analysis, the design has a certain logic function control circuit, then grasp the basic relay contactor control system.

Off electromagnetic brake brake brake solenoid

Fast forward, fast forward and rewind the motor to achieve, work into the work into the motor to achieve. When the fast-forward into the motor while the motor and engineering work, the fast forward speed of the fast forward speed of the original plus a  mcb circuit breaker , rewind, rewind speed to the original speed minus a Work Speeds. M1 feed motor for the job for fast motion motor, SQ1 in situ trip switch, SQ2 feed conversion work for the trip switch, SQ3 for the end of travel switch, SQ4 to limit  power transformers  limit switch. KM1, KM2 for the control contactor M1 and M2, M2 is also affected by KM3 control. YB is off electromagnetic brake brake brake solenoid. Mechanical power slider relay contactor control system electrical schematics mechanical power slider works: Stages in place when: pressure limit switch SQ1, KM1, KM2 and KM3 are turned off, YB loss of power brake.

Specific methods are logical expressions and experiences simplification Simplification Act

In the design of the relay - contactor control circuit frequently encountered when multiple occurrences of the same label contacts phenomenon, and cost savings in order to simplify the circuit design must be simplified for contacts. In the relay - contactor control circuit contacts simplification, the specific methods are logical expressions simplification and experience Simplification, the former requires the designer has a good mathematical derivation ability, when the control circuit is  electric meter , due to the logical power transformers too cumbersome and error-prone process of mathematical deduction, is not practical; latter mainly depends on the designer's electrical controls design experience, the results are often not the most  mcb circuit breaker  simple circuits. Therefore, to find a theory is relatively simple, uncomplicated application simplification tool for relay - contactor control circuit design is important. The commonly used in electronic circuit simplification Karnaugh map used in the relay - contactor control circuit contacts simplification to study the Karnaugh map in the relay - contactor control circuit contacts simplification of the application.

Relay contactor control system of learning requires new thinking

Based on years of teaching experience, summed up some of the teaching methods, for your reference. Reasonable guidance, solid foundation is the first step, a good start is half the battle. Because relay contactor control system requires a new way of  mcb circuit breaker  learn: no longer concerned by the control circuit consisting of electrical voltage, current, and turned attention to the control circuit consisting of electrical, if the operation  mcb circuit breaker , the resulting control effect, so first we have to take the students have mastered the circuit theory, the use of  circuit breakers , guiding students imperceptibly transform ways of thinking, with its knowledge of the circuit has been mastered from the main building physical circuit, the basic control, so that when students do not know feel in control system design process in person perception.

The main application direction Electrotechnical

"Electrical Technology" non-electric class professional basic compulsory, which includes two parts: circuit analysis and motor control, and relay contactor control system is an important component of the latter is the main application of electrical  electric transformer . Relay contactor control system by means of electrical control to achieve a certain  Voltage stabilizer , both in respect to the control electrical applications, but also related to how effectively its constitution circuit control requirements. For students, this is a new content, but also the course one of the difficulties in learning, often there are certain difficulties.

With electrical protection and interlock device, is to enhance the machine's power systems and braking systems

Hoist control system for hoist high pressure, low driving force braking, the braking force is not driven, the driving force for the drag brake, brake band frequency, etc., and with electrical protection and interlock device, is to enhance the machine power system and the braking system, but also enhance the machine fails to protect the system. Two ore three levels of intake air shaft depth of 765m,  air circuit breaker  tons tub single bicycle cage, calculated to enhance the equipment selection, the final argument  mcb circuit breaker  in charge of the wellbore to mention extract task, the hoist maximum static tension: 200KN, maximum static tension difference: 180KN, motor power 2 × 800KW, the maximum rope speed 7m / s, using the electronic control system, the electronic control system is now in two ore three  electric meter  running into the wind failures are analyzed and explained approach. Electronic control equipment Scope: altitude does not exceed 1200m; ambient temperature not higher than 40 ℃, not lower than -20 ℃; relative temperature does not exceed 85%; around without conductive dust and metal and insulation has damaging effects of the gas;

Auxiliary converter system isolation contactor failure is more common converter

"Auxiliary converter I" of the two converters to Vll and V 12, "auxiliary inverter 11," the two converters to V21 and V22, a total of four sets of the entire vehicle, respectively, for the respective auxiliary power unit . Set any of them fails,  electric transformer  by isolation, conversion contactor load reallocation, can ensure locomotive maintenance operation. Kind, car segment more than three years in my practice, auxiliary converter system isolation, conversion contactor failure is more common, due to  air circuit breaker handling crew, resulting in more  circuit breakers , therefore, affecting the transportation and production.  failure is more common converteris faulty twisted addictedslave wild side ironing full clarity of J junction compensation in order to better and more S J Lin turned flower locomotive in practical problems.

Power supply to power the camera to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional split

Electric locomotive auxiliary system's main function is to ensure that the main circuit of the system to its full power, to ensure normal operation of locomotives. electric locomotive auxiliary systems, for the first time using the AC-DC converter  Voltage stabilizer  with the TGFll type four-quadrant auxiliary converter, splitter substituted for each locomotive auxiliary power supply. This power supply to  Circuit breaker the traditional shortcomings of split power the camera has become the future development trend of locomotive auxiliary systems.  mcb circuit breaker  locomotive is equipped with two sets of four-quadrant auxiliary converters, each containing two sets of auxiliary converter hook fresh squeezed same inverter device.

Switching power supply due to its state at high frequency inverter circuit

Large inductance and high charging rectifiers, bulky, cumbersome. And this power is the energy storage capacitor operating mode "is done and that charge" mode, thyratron and a high  electric meter  storage capacitor a  Electric transformer  the state, seriously affecting the thyratron and storage capacitor life. The switching power supply due to their work at high frequency inverter circuit, the transformer core is very small,  Circuit breaker  the need for large-scale energy storage capacitor coupled inductors and charge, therefore, small size, light weight. Switching power supply for the energy storage capacitor to adopt a "charging is completed, the release" mode, thyristors and capacitors to withstand high pressure of the time far below the resonant charging mode.

Better protection switching power supply provides a very good condition

Switching power supply has several decades of development history, since the late 1970s, with the development of modern power electronics technology, there has been a lot of excellent  air circuit breaker  and high power devices and integrated, powerful companion chip, which is developed a high efficiency , small size, light weight, easy to control, and better protection switching power supply provides a very good  electric meter . Early general use of the excimer laser resonant charging power for tens of thousands of volts to charge the energy storage capacitor, and  power transformers the thyratron gas discharge excitation and thus the light. Such power generally frequency transformers, large storage capacitor.

Xenon lamp-pumped all the disadvantages brought about

In view of this, we propose a new laser ranging technology - high repetition rate laser ranging technology. The system uses eye-safe low-energy (generally less than 1mJ / string) diode-pumped laser device, the xenon lamp pumped to avoid all the disadvantages brought largely to ensure the system  Circuit breaker  and safety; using thousands Hertz  Air circuit breaker , greatly increasing the amount of echo data and improve the accuracy of the standard point. With high precision event timer and a high frequency range gate generator, in coordination with the computer control system can achieve high repetition rate satellite laser ranging.

Ranging data is low, affecting the data to improve the accuracy

Current international satellite laser ranging stations ranging widely used frequency below 10Hz, using pulsed xenon lamp-pumped laser devices, although this ranging technology is quite mature, but the disadvantage is obvious: repetition frequency is low,  mcb circuit breaker  capture the satellite, LEO satellites for some or even undetectable data; ranging data is low, affecting the data to improve the accuracy;  electric transformer  of the laser output beam and pulse wave instability brings the system unstable and affect  electric meter  accuracy. These are restricting the Satellite Laser Ranging further scientific applications. Especially in recent years, there have been some mm-level precision scientific applications, this laser ranging system accuracy and the number of observations have raised further requirements.

Low power high harmonic pollution is rising

Electrical construction electrical design basis is the most important documents, the main factors affecting the quality of the project are: the design file is executed in strict accordance with state regulations, the depth of the design and construction documents relevant professional close coordination between the degree. Therefore, the electrical design of the whole project a top priority. Decline in quality design is particularly serious in recent years. There may be multiple reasons, such as the design of the vicious competition, lower prices between companies,  Electric transformer units to reduce inputs in order to reduce costs and so on. However, these symptoms are not chronic, as long as the design unit attached importance recurrent organizational design personnel to learn the relevant design standards and  electric meter  the design process of supervision,  mcb circuit breaker  review, you can basically solve such problems, but such small changes it can make project supervision and construction will benefit. Affect the quality of several electrical engineering design problems violate or deviate from the design Electrical design specification With the popularity of various household appliances, low-voltage power high harmonic pollution is increasing, times and odd harmonic multiples constitute neutral current, neutral overcurrent and thus lead to the phenomenon of electrical fires is also increasing.

Under pressure ring will follow the arc slide axially relative to the button bar

It should be noted, taken from a mechanical manual investigation groove depth is small, if roots unclear bottom pressure in the circular ring will follow the axial sliding movement relative to the button bar, the loss of a ring effect. Therefore, the design of the groove depth should be  power transformers  bigger, processing bottom  air circuit breaker  to clean the root, or simply use the pin structure is more reliable. About flameproof enclosure on the copper sleeve, joysticks require co-ordinated with  circuit breakers , copper sleeve is an interference fit with the housing, and the joystick is a clearance fit. Copper sets the amount of interference should not be too large, should be controlled not more than 0.05mm, copper sleeve wall thickness should not be less than 2.5mm, or assembly problems.

Mine explosion-proof electrical products in the technical development work

Mine production environment is very harsh, gas and coal dust explosions have occurred, therefore explosion-proof electrical switch design and manufacturing is very important. Author many years engaged in mining explosion-proof electrical products,  Electric transformer  development work on how to improve product safety, avoid safety hazards, and accumulated some experience. The main points discussed below are optional.  electri cenergy meter  groove on the rod-proof products, many manufacturers now shell and front cover has a variety of button, the button bar is often used form of ring, ring effect is that once the explosion occurred inside the enclosure, the pressure acting on the F button end of the rod when the rod ring prevents the button is pushed outside shell, thus avoiding the formation of the button bar missing booster channels.

Transformer Test line measurement is feasible

According Transformer Test criteria and computer control technology, designed to meet the computer testing methods; transformer short circuit test test on-line measurement for  air circuit breaker  simulation studies that illustrate Transformer Test line measurement is feasible. Test results are satisfactory; introduces oil gas analysis  Voltage stabilizer  commonly used in Rogers three ratio method, the application of BP neural network method to build transformer fault detection of BP neural network model; trained for transformer fault diagnosis, the results show that with the actual match.

Transformers can be put into operation guide reliable, safe and economic operation

Combined with the power system status and development needs, according to the transformer and more high performance requirements of the transformer and the actual current detection means perfect, with computer control technology, studied theoretically  electric transformer testing and fault diagnosis of technical methods to guide transformers put into operation a reliable, safe and economical operation. By analyzing the transformer  circuit breakers , sorting out the work to meet the power  Voltage stabilizer  testing standards, testing requirements and procedures; accordance with the "functional integration, structured microcomputer, monitor screens, management intelligent" requirements, design performance parameters of power transformers Integrated Detection System ;

Undervoltage release the power supply voltage is equal to the rated working voltage release

The MCB has delayed or disconnected without delay a trip, when the supply voltage drops (or even slow down) to the rated working voltage of 70 to 35 percent range, under voltage release should operate under voltage release the power supply voltage is equal to  air circuit breaker  35% of rated voltage when undervoltage release should be able to prevent the MCB is closed; supply voltage is equal to or greater than 85%  mcb circuit breaker  release the rated  electric meter , should guarantee MCB reliable closure. Therefore, when the power supply voltage by the protection circuit in a voltage drop occurs, automatically open the MCB cut off, so that the electrical load of the following MCB or electrical equipment from damage due to voltage.

Undervoltage release device which is attached a

With the mini circuit (hereinafter referred to as MCB) in the terminal building electrical distribution equipment widely used. Now with some of the electrical auxiliary devices and protection accessories (also known as attachment) with MCB body assembled together in  air circuit breaker  to increase the MCB, expanded scope of use. Undervoltage release is attached devices one of them. In this paper, suitable for use with MCB assembled  Electric transformer  release applications and design issues elaborated, introduces a voltage auxiliary circuit. An undervoltage release features undervoltage release is a protective accessory; at its terminal voltage drops below a specified range.

Wireless sensor network development and it is in people's lives and Production

Category summarizes the various localization algorithms proposed in recent years and representative application of the results, and focus on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each method. With the development of wireless sensor networks, and it is in people's lives and production application, the previous location  electri cenergy meter  is no longer able to meet the needs of production and life, people need higher positioning accuracy; and previous localization  circuit breakers  are mostly static , the node's mobile positioning is more and more demand. For the problem of low node positioning accuracy in distance-based localization algorithm based on RSSI, BP neural network algorithm to improve the positioning accuracy of the RSSI.